Python 语言参考

本参考手册描述了该语言的语法和“核心语义”。在保持简明扼要的同时，力求准确和完整。有关内置对象类型、内置函数、模块的语义在:ref:library-index 中介绍。有关本语言的非正式介绍，请参阅 Python 教程。对于 C 或 C++ 程序员，还提供了两本额外的手册 扩展和嵌入 Python 解释器 描述了如何编写Python扩展模块，而:ref:c-api-index 详细介绍了C/C++程序员可用的接口。

• 1. 概述
  • 1.1. 其他实现
  • 1.2. 标注
• 2. 词法分析
  • 2.1. 行结构
  • 2.2. Other tokens
  • 2.3. Identifiers and keywords
  • 2.4. Literals
  • 2.5. Operators
  • 2.6. Delimiters
• 3. 数据模型
  • 3.1. Objects, values and types
  • 3.2. The standard type hierarchy
  • 3.3. Special method names
  • 3.4. Coroutines
• 4. 执行模型
  • 4.1. Structure of a program
  • 4.2. Naming and binding
  • 4.3. Exceptions
• 5. 导入系统
  • 5.1. importlib
  • 5.2. Packages
  • 5.3. Searching
  • 5.4. Loading
  • 5.5. The Path Based Finder
  • 5.6. Replacing the standard import system
  • 5.7. Package Relative Imports
  • 5.8. Special considerations for __main__
  • 5.9. Open issues
  • 5.10. References
• 6. 表达式
  • 6.1. Arithmetic conversions
  • 6.2. Atoms
  • 6.3. Primaries
  • 6.4. Await expression
  • 6.5. The power operator
  • 6.6. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations
  • 6.7. Binary arithmetic operations
  • 6.8. Shifting operations
  • 6.9. Binary bitwise operations
  • 6.10. Comparisons
  • 6.11. Boolean operations
  • 6.12. Assignment expressions
  • 6.13. Conditional expressions
  • 6.14. Lambdas
  • 6.15. Expression lists
  • 6.16. Evaluation order
  • 6.17. Operator precedence
• 7. 简单语句
  • 7.1. Expression statements
  • 7.2. Assignment statements
  • 7.3. The assert statement
  • 7.4. The pass statement
  • 7.5. The del statement
  • 7.6. The return statement
  • 7.7. The yield statement
  • 7.8. The raise statement
  • 7.9. The break statement
  • 7.10. The continue statement
  • 7.11. The import statement
  • 7.12. The global statement
  • 7.13. The nonlocal statement
• 8. 符合语句
  • 8.1. The if statement
  • 8.2. The while statement
  • 8.3. The for statement
  • 8.4. The try statement
  • 8.5. The with statement
  • 8.6. The match statement
  • 8.7. Function definitions
  • 8.8. Class definitions
  • 8.9. Coroutines
• 9. 顶级组件
  • 9.1. Complete Python programs
  • 9.2. File input
  • 9.3. Interactive input
  • 9.4. Expression input
• 10. Full Grammar specification